Properties of the plant-vitamin complex "Valerin Cardio"

Yu.V. Marushko, T.V. Hyshchak

O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University

UDC:616-08-039.71

At present, the data of scientific research indicate that in the complex of measures of therapy of a number of diseases in patients there is a need to apply sedative therapy. This necessity is due to the significant influence of the state of the nervous and autonomic nervous system on the course of a number of pathological conditions.

It is known that the bioactive properties of medicinal plants, vitamins and trace elements provide a multifaceted effect on the body. A balanced sedative effect on the body is important. Therefore, the use of these means is absolutely necessary in clinical practice.

The purpose of the work is to summarize the literature data on the preventive properties of the plant-vitamin complex "Valerin Cardio" in clinical practice.

"Valerin Cardio" is a balanced phyto-vitamin complex, which includes medicinal herbs (Melissa officinalis L., Valeriana officinalis L., Leonurus cardiaca L., Passíflora), B vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12), vitamin C and trace element magnesium. The clinical action of the given complex is determined by its components. Most of them have clearly defined properties that have been determined experimentally and, in most cases, confirmed by clinical practice. We present the main properties of the components of the complex.

Melissa officinalis has antispasmodic, sedative, analgesic, tonic and diuretic effects, effective in the complex therapy of arterial hypertension [31, 50], night sleep disorders, functional and organic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract [47, 56]. Due to the large amount of flavonoids, rosmarinic acid, halonic acid, and phenolic compounds, lemon balm has high antioxidant activity and is therefore effective in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress [47, 56, 57].

The neuroprotective action of lemon balm is especially important [30, 37, 52]. Rosmarinic acid, which is its main active substance, reduces apoptosis and necrosis of nerve cells, has an antidepressant effect [26, 43]. In this regard, a number of studies were conducted to test the effectiveness of extracts from lemon balm in the treatment of various brain diseases [ 38, 49, 61]. In studies on rats, it was established that the aqueous or methanol extract of lemon balm affects GABA transaminases in the brain, and acts as an inhibitory factor in anxiety, epilepsy, and other conditions [27]. Such properties of lemon balm determine its soothing effect.

Scientific data have proven that extracts from lemon balm have anticancer activity [35, 64].

Medicinal valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) has a sedative, tranquilizing effect on the central nervous system, indirectly regulating cardiac activity[24].

Valerian extract potentiates the effect of GABA on the nerve cells of the brain stem, showing a neuroprotective effect and not causing significant drowsiness, which could affect driving [59].

Currently, many useful compounds isolated from the root and shoots of valerian are known, and the search for new ones is underway [63].

A combination of valerian extract and lemon balm is useful in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children [55]. In one study, it was shown that the proportion of children with severe or very severe symptoms of poor attention ability decreased from 75% to 14% , hyperactivity from 61% to 13%, and impulsivity from 59% to 22%. Only two children experienced moderate short-term side effects[34]. Such clinical data significantly expands the indications for the use of valerian in combination with lemon balm.

Stinging nettle (Leonurus cardiaca L.) reduces the excitability of the nervous system, slows down the rhythm and increases the strength of heart contractions, has a sedative, hypotensive and general cardiotonic effect [25, 65].

The aerial part of the heartwort contains ingredients belonging to the group of terpenes, including monoterpenes, diterpenes [19], triterpenes, including ursolic and oleanolic acids [21, 41], nitrogen-containing compounds such as leonurine and stachydrine [29], phenylpropanoids [46], as well as flavonoids [65], phenolic acids, essential oils, sterols and tannins [65].

Motherwort is traditionally used in the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety, depression, nervousness, and as a sedative for insomnia[65]. Scientific studies have confirmed that the sedative effect of motherwort is related to the interaction with gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors [53].

However, evening primrose also has antioxidant [40], anti-inflammatory [21] and analgesic properties [54] and can be effective for bronchial asthma, menopausal symptoms and amenorrhea, as well as externally for wounds and skin inflammations.

Polyphenols of the hermit tree reduce the formation of free radicals in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes [25].

Studies of the antimicrobial properties of polyphenols contained in the extract of hermit crab are being conducted, primarily in the case of staphylococcal infection, their effect on the structure of the biofilm is being studied [45]. It was shown that under the influence of polyphenols of the motherwort, such properties of Staphylococcus aureus as the formation of aggregates in plasma, adhesion, survival of bacteria in whole human blood, synthesis of alpha-toxin are reduced [44, 45].

Passiflora (Passiflora) is traditionally used for the treatment of diseases accompanied by restlessness, insomnia, convulsions, cough and neuropathy [39].

Flavonoids make up about 2.5% of the total amount of phyto-constituents of passionflower [48]. Among them, chrysin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isorientin, apigenin, and kaempferol are known [48, 51]. In addition, recent studies have identified new neuroprotective compounds contained in passionflower [66] that may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

Passionflower flavonoids have an analgesic effect [36], GABA-ergic effect and have a positive role in alleviating neuropathic pain conditions [42].

Other important components present in passion flower include palmitic acid, 3-hydroxy-dodecanoic acid, vitamin E, quercetin, which have strong antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and modulate the GABA-ergic system [28, 33, 67].

Anxiolytic activity of passionflower occurs at low doses, while sedative effects have been associated with higher doses of plant extracts [58].

Clinical studies have shown the effectiveness of passionflower in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [20] and postmenopausal symptoms [32].

The combination of passionflower and valerian is particularly effective[62]. A multicenter prospective study of 115 children aged 6 to 12 years, as assessed by their parents, showed significant improvement in children who had problems concentrating, were anxious or depressed while taking a combined herbal preparation containing passionflower and valerian. At the same time, 81.6-93.9% of patients had no or only mild symptoms at the end of observation regarding nine out of thirteen assessed symptoms.

Passionflower may also be useful as a hepatoprotector [60], as well as an anti-inflammatory, anti-diarrheal and antispasmodic drug [22].

Magnesium is a vital trace element. It is necessary for the normal course of many biochemical reactions and physiological processes that provide energy and function of various organs. In particular, magnesium as a co-factor participates in glycolysis and the hydrolytic splitting of ATP. It regulates heart rhythm and lowers blood pressure. [2, 3, 8, 9].

In the composition of "Valerin Cardio", magnesium enhances the sedative effect of plant components, eliminates insomnia and protects against depression. The physiological need for magnesium for an adult is about 400 mg per day. The body receives magnesium with food. The consequence of lack of magnesium in the body is: sleep disturbance, increased fatigue, "chronic fatigue syndrome", memory loss, dizziness, headache, depression and tearfulness. Insufficiency of magnesium can be observed when there is a violation of the diet, or when the need for it increases (physical and mental activity, pregnancy, stress).

Magnesium regulates the state of the cell membrane, the transmembrane transfer of calcium and sodium ions, controls the exchange processes in cardiomyocytes. The participation of magnesium is necessary for the adequate functioning of the immune system.

Mechanisms of magnesium participation in the formation of bone tissue have been established. Thus, magnesium contributes to the maintenance of a normal level of calcium in bone tissue, contributes to its constant renewal in the bone, and prevents calcium loss. It has been proven that long-term magnesium deficiency, especially in combination with hypodynamia and calcium deficiency, is one of the conditions for the formation of scoliosis and osteochondrosis of the spine.

Magnesium is one of the main elements that maintains the balance of excitation-inhibition processes [2, 3, 8, 9]. It is considered one of the components of the body's stress-limiting system, as all its effects are aimed at reducing stress manifestations and normalizing adaptation processes [1, 2, 14]. It has been proven that magnesium takes an active part in the synthesis of melatonin, which is called the central hormone of adaptation. The complex mechanism of interaction between magnesium and melatonin has not yet been fully elucidated, but it is known that they act synergistically on some body functions [4, 13]. Research results have shown that adding magnesium to the diet increases and harmonizes the production of endogenous melatonin and reduces the level of cortisol [18], and the use of magnesium preparations contributes to the normalization of night sleep [11, 16].

Among all magnesium compounds, complexes with biological ligands of natural origin, in particular with pyridoxine, have recently been preferred in the correction of magnesium deficiency states [2, 5, 6, 10, 11]. Pyridoxine not only directly affects the regulation of vascular tone, but also has the ability to potentiate the effect of magnesium and improve the absorption of ions into magnesium in the gastrointestinal tract [2, 7].

In the works of Yu.V.Marushko and T.V.Gyshchak [11, 12] published by us, the high efficiency of the combined drug of magnesium and pyridoxine in children with asthenic syndrome, which is a consequence of chronic stress conditions, was revealed. Taking a combined magnesium and pyridoxine drug in this category of patients, leading to the stimulation of stress-limiting adaptation programs, is able to normalize adaptation disorders and increase the body's resistance to the long-term effects of stress factors, improve the general level of health and quality of life in general.

Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant. It plays an important role in the regulation of redox processes, participates in the synthesis of collagen and procollagen, the exchange of folic acid and iron, as well as the synthesis of steroid hormones and catecholamines. Ascorbic acid also regulates blood coagulation, normalizes the permeability of capillaries, which is necessary for hematopoiesis, has anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.

Vitamin C protects the body from the effects of stress. After all, the adrenal glands, which are actively involved in the stress response, contain more ascorbate than any other organ. Vitamin C helps the production of stress hormones and protects the body from toxins produced in the process of their metabolism. It strengthens reparative processes, increases resistance to infections. There are many theoretical and experimental prerequisites for the use of vitamin C to prevent cancer.

Vitamin C improves the body's ability to absorb calcium and iron, remove toxic copper, lead and mercury. It is important that in the presence of an adequate amount of vitamin C, the stability of vitamins B1, B2, A, E, pantothenic and folic acids increases significantly. Vitamin C prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and, thus, prevents the deposition of oxidized forms of cholesterol in the vessel wall.

Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12 in a complex support the heart muscle in working form, reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

"Valerin Cardio" (Dietary supplement according to TU U 15.8-32304682-001:2006. Conclusion of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Examination of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 05.03.02-04/36633 dated 14.08.2015. Manufacturer: Ukraine, Vitera LLC) has the most balanced spectrum of components compared to other similar drugs. It has a sedative effect during the day and a mild soporific effect at the time of falling asleep, long-lasting effect. Composition of one tablet: Stinging nettle (Heartwort) herb, Melissa herb, Valerian medicinal root extract, Melissa extract, Heronwort extract, Passion flower extract, magnesium - 40 mg (magnesium citrate), vitamins: C - 7.5 mg, B6 - 2.0 mg, B1 - 1.0 mg, B2 - 1.0 mg, B12 - 5.0 μg; calcium stearate, lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose.

"Valerin Cardio" is available in 500 mg tablets of 60 tablets in a plastic bottle. Adults are prescribed 1-2 tablets 1-2 times a day with increased nervous excitability and anxiety. In case of sleep disorders and falling asleep, it is recommended to take 1 tablet 30 minutes before bedtime (or 2 times in the evening: 1 tablet 2-3 hours before bedtime and 1 tablet 30 minutes before bedtime). Preventive course - 1 month. The course can be repeated 2-3 times a year, or as needed.

The use of "Valerin Cardio" in adults and children showed good effectiveness and tolerability of the drug.

In particular, the effectiveness of the use of "Valerin Cardio" in the complex treatment of autonomic dysfunction in 60 children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology was confirmed [15]. The authors proposed a complex treatment method using a ten-day course of halotherapy together with the use of "Valerin Cardio" in children with erosive tubercle against the background of successful eradication helicobacter infection allows to achieve a favorable course of the general adaptation syndrome due to the adequate and timely inclusion in the work of stress-limiting systems, the formation of resistance to the damaging factor, thereby ensuring the adaptation of the majority of children who received this therapy. This is evidenced by the results obtained in the form of statistically significant positive dynamics of the initial autonomic tone, autonomic reactivity, autonomic maintenance of activity in the examinees who received the proposed therapy compared to patients who received only the anti-helicobacter course of therapy. The use of this course of autonomic imbalance correction in children with chronic gastroduodenal pathology allows to achieve a prolonged effect and stable compensation of the autonomic nervous system indicators.

In another work, the quality of life of 51 hypertensive patients aged 30-50 years was evaluated against the background of the use of the drug "Valerin Cardio". [17]. In the case of prescribing complex antihypertensive therapy with the inclusion of the drug "Valerin Cardio", a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the level of quality of life was noted on scales that form both physical and psychological components of health compared to patients who received only standard medication therapy At the same time, a significant improvement in the quality of life was accompanied by a decrease in irritability, an increase in emotional stability, and an increase in work capacity. In the group of patients with the inclusion of the drug "Valerin Cardio" in the combined therapy, the "physical activity" indicator increased by 24.2% (in the group receiving basic therapy - by 6.34%), the "role of physical problems in limiting life activity" indicator improved by 60.6% (in the comparison group – by 12.0%). The level of quality of life according to the parameter "physical pain" under the influence of complex therapy with the use of "Valerin Cardio" increased by 2.35 times, while in the comparison group it increased by 1.85 times. Also, with combined therapy, better dynamics of quality of life indicators such as "general perception of health", level of "vitality", "mental health", level of "social functioning" were observed.

Thus, the data of the cited scientific studies indicate that the bioactive properties of medicinal plants, vitamins and magnesium in the "Valerin Cardio" complex provide a balanced sedative effect on the body.

"Valerin Cardio" can be recommended to relieve increased irritability; increase in emotional stability; elimination of nervous tension and anxiety; normalization of sleep; normalization of blood pressure in case of arterial hypertension; increase in working capacity; in complex therapy of stress-dependent diseases: gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, angina pectoris, hypertension, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis; elimination of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and the climacteric period (increased nervousness, impaired working capacity and sleep, "hot flashes", arterial hypertension); increasing the body's resistance to neuro-emotional stress (prevention of the "burnout" syndrome) and prevention of emotional exhaustion, as well as to improve the quality of life.

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РЕЗЮМЕ

Ю.В.Марушко, Т.В.Гищак

Профілактичні властивості рослинно-вітамінного комплексу «Валерін кардіо»

Мета роботи – узагальнити дані літератури щодо профілактичних властивостей рослинно-вітамінного комплексу «Валерін кардіо» в клінічній практиці. В роботі наведені дані щодо фармакологічних властивостей ряду лікарських рослин, а саме меліси, валеріани, кропиви собачої, а також вітамінів С, B6, В1, В2, В12 та магнію, що входять в склад комплексу. Показані можливості застосування в комплексній терапії ряду соматичних захворювань.

Ключові слова: фіто комплекс, вітаміни, магній, властивості, профілактична дія на організм.

РЕЗЮМЕ

Ю.В.Марушко, Т.В.Гищак

Профилактические свойства растительно-витаминного комплекса «Валерин кардио»

Цель работы - обобщить данные литературы по профилактическим свойствам растительно-витаминного комплекса «Валерин кардио» в клинической практике. В работе приведены данные фармакологических свойств ряда лекарственных растений, а именно мелиссы, валерианы, пустырника, а также витаминов С, B6, В1, В2, В12 и магния, входящих в состав комплекса. Показаны возможности применения в комплексной терапии ряда соматических заболеваний.

Ключевые слова: фитокомплекс, витамины, магний, свойства, профилактическое действие на организм.

SUMMARY

Iu.V.Marushko, T.V.Gischak

Preventive properties of plant-vitamin complex "Valerín cardio"

Purpose - to summarize the literature on the preventive properties of plant-vitamin complex "Valerín cardio" in clinical practice. The paper presents the data of the pharmacological properties of a number of medicinal plants, namely, lemon balm, valerian, Leonurus, as well as vitamins C, B6, B1, B2, B12 and magnesium, are part of the complex. The possibilities of application in the treatment of a number of somatic diseases.

Keywords: phytocomplex, vitamins, magnesium, properties prophylactic effect on the organism.